Back تحفيز مغناطيسي للدماغ Arabic Transkranial maqnit stimulyasiyası Azerbaijani Transkranielle Magnetstimulation BAR Transkraniel Magnetisk Stimulation Danish Transkranielle Magnetstimulation German Estimulación magnética transcraneana Spanish Transkraniaalne magnetstimulatsioon Estonian تحریک مغناطیسی مغز Persian Transkraniaalinen magneettistimulaatio Finnish Stimulation magnétique transcrânienne French

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
(schematic diagram)
SpecialtyPsychiatry, neurology
MeSHD050781

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil connected to the scalp. The stimulator generates a changing electric current within the coil which creates a varying magnetic field, inducing a current within a region in the brain itself.[1]: 3 [2]

TMS has shown diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the central nervous system with a wide variety of disease states in neurology and mental health, with research still evolving.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

Adverse effects of TMS appear rare and include fainting and seizure.[12] Other potential issues include discomfort, pain, hypomania, cognitive change, hearing loss, and inadvertent current induction in implanted devices such as pacemakers or defibrillators.[12]

  1. ^ NICE. January 2014 Transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating and preventing migraine
  2. ^ Michael Craig Miller for Harvard Health Publications. July 26, 2012 Magnetic stimulation: a new approach to treating depression?
  3. ^ Groppa S, Oliviero A, Eisen A, Quartarone A, Cohen LG, Mall V, et al. (May 2012). "A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN committee". Clinical Neurophysiology. 123 (5): 858–882. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2012.01.010. PMC 4890546. PMID 22349304.
  4. ^ Lefaucheur JP, André-Obadia N, Antal A, Ayache SS, Baeken C, Benninger DH, et al. (November 2014). "Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)" (PDF). Clinical Neurophysiology. 125 (11): 2150–2206. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021. PMID 25034472. S2CID 206798663.
  5. ^ George, Mark S.; Post, Robert M. (April 2011). "Daily Left Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Acute Treatment of Medication-Resistant Depression". American Journal of Psychiatry. 168 (4): 356–364. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10060864. PMID 21474597.
  6. ^ Gaynes, Bradley N.; Lux, Linda J.; Lloyd, Stacey W.; Hansen, Richard A.; Gartlehner, Gerald; Keener, Patricia; Brode, Shannon; Evans, Tammeka Swinson; Jonas, Dan; Crotty, Karen; Viswanathan, Meera; Lohr, Kathleen N. (2011). Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. PMID 22091472.
  7. ^ Berlim, Marcelo T; Van den Eynde, Frederique; Jeff Daskalakis, Z (19 November 2012). "Clinically Meaningful Efficacy and Acceptability of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Treating Primary Major Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind and Sham-Controlled Trials". Neuropsychopharmacology. 38 (4): 543–551. doi:10.1038/npp.2012.237. PMC 3572468. PMID 23249815.
  8. ^ Perera, Tarique; George, Mark; Grammer, Geoffrey; Janicak, Philip; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Wirecki, Theodore (April 27, 2015). TMS Therapy For Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence Review and Treatment Recommendations for Clinical Practice (PDF) (Report).
  9. ^ Bersani, F.S.; Minichino, A.; Enticott, P.G.; Mazzarini, L.; Khan, N.; Antonacci, G.; Raccah, R.N.; Salviati, M.; Delle Chiaie, R.; Bersani, G.; Fitzgerald, P.B.; Biondi, M. (January 2013). "Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for psychiatric disorders: A comprehensive review". European Psychiatry. 28 (1): 30–39. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.02.006. PMID 22559998. S2CID 29053871.
  10. ^ Dougall N, Maayan N, Soares-Weiser K, McDermott LM, McIntosh A (August 2015). "Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for schizophrenia" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (8): CD006081. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006081.pub2. hdl:1893/22520. PMC 9395125. PMID 26289586.
  11. ^ "Pupil response may shed light on who responds best to transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression". www.uclahealth.org. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  12. ^ a b Rossi; et al. (January 2021). "Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines". Clinical Neurophysiology. 132 (1): 269–306. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.003. PMC 9094636. PMID 33243615. S2CID 225049093.

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